Happy Founders’ Day Alpha Sigma Alpha!

Posted on November 15, 2012 by Fran Becque, Ph.D.

Alpha Sigma Alpha was founded on November 15, 1901 at the State Female Normal School (now Longwood University) in Farmville, Virginia. Its founders had been asked to join some of the other sororities on campus, but they wanted to stay together. The five, Virginia Lee Boyd (Noell), Juliette Jefferson Hundley (Gilliam), Calva Hamlet Watson (Wootton), Louise Burks Cox (Carper) and Mary Williamson Hundley, started their own sorority; they called it Alpha Sigma Alpha.

(Sarah) Ida Shaw Martin, who as a collegian at Boston University was a founder of Delta Delta Delta, played an integral role in Alpha Sigma Alpha’s early history. Martin had written the Sorority Handbook, first published in 1907. She was an expert on women’s fraternities/sororities.

Ida Shaw Martin

Alpha Sigma Alpha sought Martin’s help in 1913. While 13 chapters had been installed, only the Alpha chapter was viable. Martin encouraged the organization to consider extension to the Pi Alpha Tau organization at Miami University. In May 1913, the Pi Alpha Taus became an Alpha Sigma Alpha chapter. Alpha Sigma Alpha realized Martin’s knowledge and assistance could help the group grow. She was elected its National President. Although  she never presided at a convention, she was guiding the proceedings from behind the scene. Martin led Alpha Sigma Alpha until 1930, when Wilma Wilson Sharp was elected National President.

She also played a role in the 1915 formation of the Association of Pedagogical Sororities. Of the Farmville Four, the organizations founded at the State Female Normal School – Zeta Tau Alpha, Kappa Delta, Sigma Sigma Sigma, and Alpha Sigma Alpha – the former two became members of the National Panhellenic Conference and the latter two formed the Association of Pedagogical Sororities (its name was quickly changed to the Association of Education Sororities).

As an Association of Education Sororities member, Alpha Sigma Alpha had to relinquish chapters not located at teacher’s colleges. Its Iota Chapter became the Virginia Alpha Chapter of Pi Beta Phi on May 10, 1913. The chapters at Brenau and Mt. Union became Delta Delta Delta chapters.

Martin’s dual membership occurred when the Association of Education Sororities (to which ASA belonged) and the National Panhellenic Conference (to which Tri Delta belonged) were separate and distinct organizations. It was not until the late 1940s, when dual membership came to the forefront. When the AES organizations merged into NPC, sorority members claiming dual membership were asked to resign from one of the organizations. Martin died in 1940 and, by then, her dual membership was a moot point.

 (c) Fran Becque, www.fraternityhistory.com, 2013. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

Posted in Alpha Sigma Alpha, Association of Education Sororities, Delta Delta Delta, Founders' Day, GLO, Greek-letter Organization, Greek-letter Organization History, Ida Shaw Martin, Longwood University, Notable Fraternity Women, Notable Sorority Women, Pi Beta Phi, Sorority History, Women's Fraternity History | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Comments Off on Happy Founders’ Day Alpha Sigma Alpha!

World War I “Hello Girls” Led by Grace Banker, a Gamma Phi Beta

Posted on November 13, 2012 by Fran Becque, Ph.D.

Gamma Phi Beta Grace Banker (Paddock), from the short-lived Iota Chapter at Barnard College, went oversees during World War I to do her part in the war effort.*

A call went out for experienced switchboard operators who could speak both French and English. More than 7,000 women applied; 450 were chosen to be “Hello Girls” as they were informally known. Banker was the Chief Operator of the of the Signal Corps Female Telephone Operators Unit.

The women completed Signal Corps training at Fort Franklin in Maryland. In March 1918, she and 32 other women, the first group of operators, headed to Europe. They began operating phone in France and Britain.

Grace Banker, Gamma Phi Beta, is on the left in the front row.

Banker and five others were dispatched to the First American Army Headquarters. They were part of the September 1918 Battle of St. Mihiel. Together they worked night and day for eight days. At the end of the month, their new assignment took them to the front lines, northwest of Verdun. From that post, they were subjected to the same threats as the infantry, aerial bombardment from German planes. Their barracks were leaky and cold and in October it burned after being hit by the Germans. Once they were also threatened with court-martial if they did not leave their posts immediately. They left, but returned an hour later to make use of the few telephone lines that survived the bombardment.

Banker continued to work after the armistice was signed. She went to Paris and was dispatched to President Woodrow Wilson’s temporary residence. When an opportunity to be assigned to the Army of Occupation at Coblenz, Germany, was offered, she quickly accepted it. Lieutenant-General Hunter Liggett presented her with the Distinguished Service Medal for her work during the St. Mihiel drive. She left Europe in September 1919 after more than a year and a half of service.

Banker and her colleagues wore U.S. Army uniforms and were subjected to all Army regulations. However, they did not receive honorable discharges; Army regulations specified male gender, therefore the women were considered civilians. On the 60th anniversary of World War I’s end, in 1978, Congress gave the living “Hello Girls” veteran status via honorable discharges. Sadly, Grace Banker Paddock died in 1960 and could not revel in this honor.

*More than a century after the ban was enacted, the chapter returned to Barnard.

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Happy 90th Birthday Sigma Gamma Rho!

Posted on November 12, 2012 by Fran Becque, Ph.D.

Seven young women who were educators founded Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. on November 12, 1922, in Indianapolis, Indiana. On December 30, 1929, a charter was granted to the Alpha chapter at Butler University making the organization  a national college sorority. It is the only one of the National Pan-Hellenic Conference sororities not founded at Howard University, site of the Alpha chapters of  Alpha Kappa Alpha, Delta Sigma Theta, and Zeta Phi Beta.

Sigma Gamma Rho’s founders are Nannie Mae Gahn Johnson, Mary Lou Allison Little, Vivian White Marbury, Bessie M. Downey Martin, Cubena McClure, Hattie Mae Dulin Redford, and Dorothy Hanley Whiteside.

Among the founding members of the Los Angeles chapter, when it was established in July 1939, was actress Hattie McDaniel, pictured above. Her role as “Mammy” in Gone With the Wind earned her an Academy Award. She was the first African American woman to win the award. She was also the first African American woman to sing on the radio in America. She has been honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for her contributions to radio and the other for her contributions to motion pictures. In 2006, she became the first African American Academy Award winner to be honored with a U.S. postage stamp.

McDaniel died from breast cancer in 1952 at the age of 57. Her sorority created the Hattie McDaniel Cancer Awareness and Health Program in her honor. Its mission is to provide education and support of early detection of breast, prostate, ovarian, colon and other cancers as well as research for prevention of the cancers.

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Happy Founders’ Day Gamma Phi Beta!

Posted on November 11, 2012 by Fran Becque, Ph.D.

On November 11, 1874, Gamma Phi Beta was founded at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.  Gamma Phi’s founders are Mary A. Bingham Willoughby, E. Adeline Curtis, Frances E. Haven Moss, and Helen M. Dodge Ferguson. Below they are pictured at the 1907 Syracuse Convention. It was the last time they would all be together.

In a 1912 issue of The Crescent of Gamma Phi Beta, Frances Haven Moss told the story of her beloved sorority, “My father having been elected Chancellor of Syracuse University, I found myself in Syracuse, NY in September 1874. Having had two years in Northwestern University and a year of music in Brooklyn and not being over strong physically my education was supposed to be completed. The recently opened department of fine arts proved a great temptation, however, and I was a happy girl indeed, when I found myself registered as a sophomore in the same. 

“The first social function I attended in Syracuse was a church oyster supper and there I met my future husband who was assisting two young ladies in caring for one of the tables. These young ladies, I learned later, were members of a society called Alpha Phi and an invitation to join the same was soon extended to me. After due deliberation I thanked them for the honor but declined. I never was so surprised in my life for I found myself entirely out in the cold. I soon discovered that there were other girls in just the same position. As misery loved company we drifted together and finding each other congenial, the question was broached – ‘Why shall we not found a society of our own!’

“No sooner was the matter mentioned than we found all our friends not only ready but eager to help. Three out of the four girls had brothers in the university and there were others who were not brothers but were just as deeply interested. Any one of them would have gladly drawn up a condition for us with by-laws and initiation complete. But my father gave us our motto; Helen Dodge drew up the constitution and her brother who was studying for the ministry added the Hebrew letters to our pin; he who became my husband wrote for us the words for a song and helped design our pin; dear Professor Brown offered us the use of his parlor for our meetings and though we  could not accept because there were Alpha Phis rooming in his house, in recognition of his encouragement and long continued support, we chose our colors, light and dark brown.

“Before we secured our pins we had taken in our first initiate and you never saw a prouder set of girls than the first five who appeared with the generous badges, a monogram enclosed in a crescent fully guarded by the letter ‘S’. Truly we felt ourselves successfully launched upon what we hoped would be a great success.” 

For more information about the history of Gamma Phi Beta, see http://wp.me/p20I1i-e5  and http://wp.me/p20I1i-6h (this link includes a picture of an early Gamma Phi house on Irving Avenue)

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Happy Founders’ Day Sigma Kappa! Colby College Was Home to the Alpha, Beta and Gamma Chapters

Posted on November 9, 2012 by Fran Becque, Ph.D.

Sigma Kappa was founded on November 9, 1874, by five young women, the only females enrolled at Colby College in Waterville, Maine. They received a letter from the faculty approving the organization’s petition, which included a constitution and bylaws.

The five founders of Sigma Kappa are Mary Low Carver, Elizabeth Gorham Hoag, Ida Fuller Pierce, Louise Helen Coburn and Frances Mann Hall. In Sigma Kappa’s first constitution, membership in Sigma Kappa was limited to 25 women. The original chapter is known as the Alpha chapter. After Alpha chapter’s membership reached 25, a Beta chapter was formed. A Gamma chapter soon followed. Although there were some early joint meetings, the members did not think it feasible to continue that way. In 1893, a vote was taken to limit Alpha chapter to 25 members and to allow no more initiations into Beta and Gamma chapters. In due time, Beta and Gamma were no more.

The Delta chapter was installed at Boston University in 1904. In 1905, Sigma Kappa became a member of the National Panhellenic Conference. Sigma Kappa’s Alpha chapter closed in 1984 when Colby College banned all fraternities and sororities from campus.

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Celebrating 175 Years of Educating Women at Mount Holyoke College

Posted on November 8, 2012 by Fran Becque, Ph.D.

Thursday, November 8, is a very special day at Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts. A Founder’s Day celebration of MHC’s 175 years will begin with an ice cream social hosted by MHC President, Dr. Lynn Pasquerella, an alumna of the college, at the grave of MHC’s founder, Mary Lyon, in the center of campus.

Lyon was an early pioneer in the quest for women’s education. During her own education she was introduced by her mentor to an environment where women were treated as intellectual equals, an uncommon experience in the early 1800s. Her dream of having her own school prompted her to establish a women’s seminary (a seminary in Mary Lyon’s day and age was a secular school for women, not a religious training institution). It took her two years to find interested people who gave $15,000 to help make her idea a reality. Chartered in 1836, Mount Holyoke Seminary opened on November 8, 1837. Training women to become strong teachers was its primary mission.

Mary Lyon’s last year of full-time teaching was 1847-48 and she died the following year. By the late 1800’s, it had become necessary for the seminary to evaluate its educational status in order to keep up with the changing American society. Mount Holyoke Seminary moved away from being a seminary and became a full-fledged women’s college. The admission standards were changed in order to attract a more diverse student body. Four-year graduation requirements were established. The college began hiring professors rather than teachers. Science and literary courses were added and new buildings were constructed.

Field Memorial Gate Dedication, October 9, 1912

A campus landmark celebrated 100 years a month ago. The Fidelia Nash Field Memorial Gateway was dedicated on October 9, 1912 during the 75th Anniversary celebration. A gift of Helen Field James and  Joseph Nash Field to honor the memory of their mother, the gate is made of  brownstone and wrought iron. It is at the main entrance on College Street, near Lyon Hall. Their brother, Marshall Field, Chicago department store magnate, died in 1906.

Sigma Theta Chi Society, 1900

Around 1900, there were two Greek-letter literary societies at MHC. Sigma Theta Chi (pictured above) and Chi Phi Delta. A college publication noted, “The Sigma lately furnished the reading-room handsomely, and both are working heroically in the interests of endowment.”

Mount Holyoke, the first of the “Seven Sisters” colleges, would be followed by six others: Vassar (1861), Wellesley (1870), Smith (1871), Radcliffe (1879), Bryn Mawr (1885), and Barnard (1889). Two of these colleges were started as co-ordinates to men’s colleges. Radcliffe began as the co-ordinate to Harvard and Barnard was Columbia’s co-ordinate.

As the mother of a proud Mount Holyoke College alumna, I am well aware of how the college can change women’s lives. Thank you, Mary Lyon, for the adventures you have fostered in the lives of American women since 1837. Here’s to another 175 years of uncommon experiences!

Photos from the Mount Holyoke College Archives Digital Collection.

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On Election Day, Let Us Honor Carrie Chapman Catt, a Proud Fraternity Woman!

Posted on November 6, 2012 by Fran Becque, Ph.D.

Today is Election Day. One hundred years ago women did not have the right to vote in presidential elections. A fraternity woman, Carrie Lane Chapman Catt, an Iowa State Pi Beta Phi, was a leading force in the suffrage movement.

Carrie Chapman Catt wearing her Pi Beta Phi arrow badge. In the 1880s, a standardized manner of wearing the badge had yet to be determined and it was common for members to wear it in all sorts of ways, including pointing downward.

Catt was born on January 9, 1859, in Ripon, Wisconsin. She enrolled at Iowa State University in the fall of 1876 and was an active member of what is today known as the Iowa Gamma Chapter of Pi Beta Phi which was chartered on May 11, 1877, only 10 years after the Fraternity was founded. She was the first initiate after the chapter’s chartering.  She was a chapter officer. In addition, she worked washing dishes for nine cents an hour and in the library for ten cents an hour. She graduated from Iowa State in 1880 as valedictorian and she was the only woman in the class.

She utilized her Pi Beta Phi connections. In 1887, she wrote the Iowa Beta Chapter of Pi Beta Phi at Simpson College offering to speak in Indianola, the college’s home. She attended Pi Beta Phi’s 1890 convention in Galesburg, Illinois, and spoke about “The New Revolution.”

At the 1924 Eastern Conference of Pi Beta Phi, when the portrait of Vermont Beta and First Lady Grace Goodhue Coolidge was presented to the nation, she was the keynote speaker at the banquet. She was the first fraternity woman to receive Chi Omega’s National Achievement Award, a gold medal presented to a woman of notable accomplishment.

Catt was the President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1900-04 and 1915-20. She was hand-picked by her predecessor, Susan B. Anthony. Catt’s brilliant organization and oratory is credited with making the 19th Amendment a reality.

At the 50th National American Woman Suffrage Association Convention held in St. Louis, as the organization’s President, Catt proposed the creation of a “league of women voters to finish the fight and aid in the reconstruction of the nation.”

On February 14, 1920, in the Gold Room of the Chicago’s Congress Hotel, 520 South Michigan Avenue, hundreds of members of the National American Woman Suffrage Association gathered for a victory convention. They were anticipating the passage in Congress of the 19th Amendment. It had taken 72 years, but women finally had the right to vote. Catt called the session to order at 2:30 p.m.  According to the Convention minutes, “joy unconfined burst forth. For three-quarters of an hour, horns tooted, state delegations stood on chairs, sang, gave their yells, formed in groups and marched around the room waving American flags. The Republican elephant and the Democratic donkey marched amicably arm in arm to the platform.” That evening, the organization was officially disbanded. A new and independent group, the League of Women Voters, was formed with political education as its focus.

 © Fran Becque, www.fraternityhistory.com, 2014. All Rights Reserved. If  you enjoyed this post, please sign up for updates. Also follow me on twitter @GLOHistory and Pinterest www.pinterest.com/glohistory/

Posted in Alpha Kappa Alpha, Carrie Chapman Catt, Delta Delta Delta, GLO, Greek-letter Organization, Greek-letter Organization History, National Panhellenic Conference, Notable Fraternity Women, Notable Sorority Women, Pi Beta Phi, Sorority History, Women's Fraternity History | Tagged , , , , , , , , , | Comments Off on On Election Day, Let Us Honor Carrie Chapman Catt, a Proud Fraternity Woman!

Celebrating a Century of Championing Literacy!

Posted on November 5, 2012 by Fran Becque, Ph.D.

Della “Dell” Gillette, was born in Traverse City, Michigan. She studied library science at the University of Illinois and worked as a librarian. In October 1912, Elizabeth Clarke Helmick, Settlement School Committee Chairman, secured her services as a teacher at the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School in Gatlinburg, Tennessee.

Helmick met her in Chicago and hosted her for several days. Gillette met with the alumnae club and the Pi Beta Phi chapter at Northwestern University. Pi Beta Phi Founder Emma Brownlee Kilgore also attended the meeting. From there, Gillette stopped in Champaign to visit with her own chapter. In her zest for the Settlement School, she helped fan the flames of support for the project. Her chapter soon sent boxes of books for the students.

Gillette was the first Pi Beta Phi Settlement School teacher who was a member of Pi Beta Phi. The first teacher, Martha Hill, was a Tennessean and had taught throughout the state. Gillette was a foreigner, so to speak, and her tenure would have lasting impact on the Settlement School. From all accounts, she was a very earnest and determined woman, deeply committed to her work, and always going the extra mile. The Gatlinburg community loved her.

On January 31, 1913, the first American flag to fly from a pole over Gatlinburg was raised in front of the Settlement School building. Gillette introduced the students and their families to a real Christmas celebration. She started a library and began a sewing club for the older girls. While they worked on sewing projects, Gillette read to them. Two boys’ baseball teams were organized. When school ended at the end of March, it was the first time that the children had gone to school for eight months in one year.

Several years after Gillette left Gatlinburg and traveled back to Traverse City to become Mrs. Theron Morgan, it was said, “To this day, Miss Dell is lovingly spoken of, and there is not a person in Gatlinburg who doesn’t hope she will come back and visit them.”

On the weekend of November 2, 2012, “Miss Dell” returned to Gatlinburg. A statue created by sculptor Doug Young adorns the Centennial Plaza in front of the Arrowcraft Shop on the Parkway. Pi Beta Phis from across the country and Canada, as well as distinguished guests, including descendents of Pi Phi teachers, students and Settlement School Committee members, gathered to dedicate the plaza and unveil the statue of Gillette handing a book to a young student.

Additional information about the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School can be found on the Pi Phi Blog at www.piphiblog.org

The Fall 2011 Arrow located on the Pi Beta Phi website has an article about Dell Gillette. The Pi Beta Phi website also has a plethora of information about the celebration and the weekend’s activities.

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Happy Founders’ Day Alpha Sigma Tau

Posted on November 4, 2012 by Fran Becque, Ph.D.

On November 4, 1899, eight young women, Mable Chase, Ruth Dutcher, May Gephart, Harriet Marx, Eva O’Keefe, Adriance Rice, Helene Rice, and Mayene Tracy, formed a sorority at the Michigan State Normal College (now Eastern Michigan University) in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Alpha Sigma Tau was the name they chose. The organization became a national one in October 1925.  In 1926, Alpha Sigma Tau joined the Association of Education Sororities (AES). Alpha Sigma Tau became a full member of the National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) when the merger of AES and NPC was formalized in 1951.

In 1945, Alpha Sigma Tau chose the Pine Mountain Settlement School in southeastern Kentucky’s Harlan County as its philanthropy. Pine Mountain Settlement School was founded in 1913 by Katherine Pettit and Ethel DeLong Zande. William Creech Sr., a local citizen, donated the land in order to help provide education and other opportunities to local children and their families. Kansas City architect Mary Rockwell Hook designed plans for the campus and its buildings.

From 1913-20, Pine Mountain was a boarding school. It became a boarding high school in 1930 and a vocational component was added at that time. In the early years, the school included a working farm, print and wood shops, and a sewing room, as well as a medical clinic. Emphasis was also placed on traditional crafts.

Harlan County took on joint responsibility for the operation of a community elementary school by 1949. Environmental education became the school’s focus in 1972 when the Green Hills Elementary School in nearly Bledsoe opened. Classes in Appalachian culture and native crafts are also offered.

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A Red Door Greeting and Happy Founders’ Day to Sigma Phi Epsilon

Posted on October 31, 2012 by Fran Becque, Ph.D.

November first is Sigma Phi Epsilon’s Founders’ Day. Twelve young men at the University of Richmond, one of whom, Carter Ashton Jenkins, was a Chi Phi member from Rutgers University, founded the fraternity in 1901. Jenkins first sought a charter from his fraternity, but the request was declined because the Baptist school was considered too small.

Instead Jenkins found 11 other congenial men who were also eager to share a brotherhood built upon “the love of God and the principle of peace through brotherhood.”  They named the organization Sigma Phi unaware that there was already a men’s fraternity by that name. The group then took the name Sigma Phi Epsilon.

One of the fraternity’s traditions began at Syracuse University. New York Alpha was the organization’s 18th chapter; it was founded on the campus in 1905. The chapter currently resides at 721 Comstock Avenue. The first red door made its appearance in 1928 at the chapter’s former home on Walnut Place; that building is now the Slutzker International Center.

The Slutzker International Center at Syracuse University, the former home of Sigma Phi Epsilon on Walnut Place. The red door tradition began at this house.

In 1928, a few of the brothers painted the front door red, one  the fraternity’s colors. The “welcome to all” tradition caught on quickly and red doors became a mainstay of Sig Ep chapters nationwide.

And here’s a shout out to my Sig Ep husband Dan, a member of the Virginia Epsilon chapter at Washington and Lee University. It was he who bought me this web-site and encouraged me to write about these topics that I find so fascinating.

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