Dr. Sara Branham, Alpha Delta Pi, #WHM2018, #notablesororitywomen

Sara Branham graduated from Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia, in 1907. Her grandmother, Elizabeth Flournoy Stone, was a member of the Class of 1840. Her mother, Amanda Stone Branham, graduated in 1885, and was a member of the Adelphean Society, which became Alpha Delta Pi. Sara and her mother shared the Alpha Delta Pi bond.

Teaching was one of the few professions open to women in the early 1900s, and she spent 10 years teaching in Sparta, Decatur and Atlanta, Georgia. In 1908, she was a member of the Oxford ADPi Alumnae Association. During those then years teaching in Georgia, she had several mentions in The Adelphean. There was the report of her spending the winter in Mexico with her brother an the one that she attended the Grand Opera in Atlanta with a group of ADPis. 

Branham attended the establishment of the Lambda Chapter of ADPi in 1910.

In 1917, she headed to Boulder, Colorado to study at the University of Colorado. With men leaving the campus to fight in World War I, she was hired by the university as a bacteriology instructor. She once quipped, “When I had had about six weeks of bacteriology, they offered me a job to teach it!”

In the meantime she earned a second bachelors in 1919. She then enrolled at the University of Chicago where she earned a Ph.D. and M.D. while studying influenza outbreaks. She worked as an instructor there until she took a job at the University of Rochester School of Medicine in 1927.

A meningococcus outbreak in  California led Branham to take a job with the Hygienic Laboratory of the United States Public Health Service (now National Institutes of Health) in Bethesda, Maryland. She remained with the agency until her retirement in 1958.

Dr. Sara Branham (Courtesy of the Oxford Histoical Society)

She discovered and isolated the virus which is the cause of spinal meningitis, Neisseria meningitidis. She also discovered that sulfa drugs could treat the infection. She was the expert on this strain of the disease. She discovered other anti-toxins and had a hand in the classification of microorganisms. In 1970, Neisseria catarrhalis was renamed in her honor; it became Brahamella catarrhalis.

Branham was a diplomate of the National Board of Medical Examiners and the American Board of Pathology. She achieved fellow status in the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Public Health Association, and the American Academy of Microbiology. 

In 1950, she was a commencement speak at her undergraduate alma mater and received the first Distinguished Achievement Award given by the Wesleyan College Alumnae Association. She also served as an Alumnae Trustee at Wesleyan and was a loyal contributor to the college’s Loyalty Fund.

She had a brief marriage to Philip S. Matthews. They married in 1945, but he died four years later; professionally she was always Sara Branham.

In the late 1950s, she visited Wesleyan College and spoke about her career, which included publishing 80 papers. She died in 1962. Among the items in the Wesleyan College archives is a dress she donated which belonged to her family.

Photo and caption courtesy of Wesleyan College.

 

 

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Dr. Achsa Bean, AOPi, #WHM2018, #notablesororitywomen

Achsa Bean was a member of the Alpha Omicron Pi chapter at the University of Maine, where she earned two degrees.

Achsa Bean when she was a member of the Alpha Omicron Pi chapter.

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The Andersch Sisters, Ph.D.s and Theta Phi Alphas, #WHM2018, #notablesororitywomen

Theta Phi Alpha has two sets of sisters among its founders. How fitting that sisters Elizabeth G. Andersch and Marie A. Andersch are the #notablesororitywomen profiled today.

Marie, the elder of the two, was born in 1905. Elizabeth, “Betty,” was born in 1913. Marie earned a degree from the University of Illinois, where she was active in campus activities including the Newman Club.

Marie Andersch at the University of Illinois

After earning her undergraduate degree, Marie enrolled at the University of Iowa for graduate work. During the time Marie was there, Elizabeth became a member of Theta Phi Alpha.  Marie was initiated, too. In a 1934 Hawkeye yearbook, Marie is listed as a graduate member of the chapter.

 

Marie is listed as a graduate member of Theta Phi Alpha.

Elizabeth is on the right in the bottom row.

Elizabeth was elected to membership in Phi Beta Kappa and Mortar Board. Marie was a member of Sigma Xi, and both sisters earned Ph.D.s from the University of Iowa.

Elizabeth joined the faculty at Ohio University in 1943. She was the first woman to earn tenure within the School of Communication Studies. Each year, Ohio University gives the Elizabeth G. Andersch Award. It it awarded to a member of the communication discipline who is “acknowledged as an outstanding teacher, scholar, and mentor.” The award was established in 1973, a year before her death and it honors “the tradition of excellence in teaching, research, and service she embodied as a member of our faculty.”

Marie spent most of her professional career at the University of Maryland School of Medicine teaching biochemistry. She retired to Florida where she died in 1999.

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Phyllis Kossoff, Delta Phi Epsilon, #WHM2018, #notablesororitywomen

On March 17, 1917,  five women at Washington Square College Law, a division of New York University, founded Delta Phi Epsilon. The DIMES, as they are called, are Dorothy Cohen Schwartzman, Ida Bienstock Landau, Minna Goldsmith Mahler, Eva Effron Robin, and Sylvia Steierman Cohn. Delta Phi Epsilon was formally incorporated under New York State law on March 17, 1922.

Phyllis Lostfogel entered Hunter College at the age of 16, and became a member of the Delta Chapter of Delta Phi Epsilon. She graduated in 1946, completing the course in three years, and she was teaching in the New York City school system before she was 20. On June 20, 1947, she married Burton Kossoff.

In the early 1950s, as young parents, the Kossoffs noticed that their daughter Stephanie was wheezing and had a chronic cough. Moreover, she was not thriving as others her age were. The Kossoffs were told she had Cystic Fibrosis and the prognosis wasn’t good, with a life expectancy of three to five years. In 1954, the Kossoffs sought out the parents of other children with CF who were in the New Your City area. Together they formed what was chartered as a Not-for-profit in 1955 and is today the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. In a time when the public knew little about Cystic Fibrosis, it was a bold and far reaching idea.

At the 1957 Delta Phi Epsilon Convention, Phyllis Kossoff addressed her sisters and asked for their assistance in her quest to educate the public and foster research and support. She asked that Delta Phi Epsilon adopt CFF as the organization’s philanthropy. Since 1958, Delta Phi Epsilon chapters have raised funds for CFF. In doing so, they have increased the public’s awareness of Cystic Fibrosis. Through the decades, Delta Phi Epsilon has contributed millions of dollars for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. In turn, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation named a research fellowship in honor of Delta Phi Epsilon.

The mission of the Foundation is to “cure cystic fibrosis and to provide all individuals with the disease the opportunity to lead full, productive lives by funding research and drug development, promoting individualized treatment, and ensuring access to high-quality, specialized care.”

On March 11, 2016 Phyllis Kossoff was awarded the Spirit of American Award at the Cystic Fibrosis Volunteer Leadership Conference in Washington, DC. Take a few minutes and listen to Kossoff speak eloquently about her life’s work. Remember that she became a member of Delta Phi Epsilon in the 1940s. What a remarkable woman she is!

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Maritza Correia McClendon, Sigma Gamma Rho, #WHM2018, #notablesororitywomen

Maritza Correia McClendon became a member of Sigma Gamma Rho in 2013. As the first African-American woman to be a member of an Olympic swim team, she is an integral part of Sigma Gamma Rho’s Swim 1922 program, a partnership between the sorority and USA Swimming. According to USA Swimming, 70% of African-American children and 60% of Hispanic children do not know how to swim.

The goal of Swim 1922 is to “increase swim participation and decrease drowning rates in the community. In keeping with USA Swimming’s core objectives: Build the Base – Promote the Sport – Achieve Competitive Success and the Sigma Gamma Rho motto of Greater Service, Greater Progress, these organizations come together to effect change and influence the community of black women and girls.”

Before she was on the U.S. Olympic team, she swam for the University of Georgia. In 2002, at the Women’s NCAA Championships, McClendon was the first African-American swimmer to break an American swimming record. She is a member of the Georgia Aquatics Hall of Fame, and she won a silver medal at the 2004 Athens Games, in the 400 freestyle relay. 

 

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Edith and Grace Abbott, Delta Gamma, #WHM2018, #notablesororitywomen

March 15 is the date upon which Delta Gamma celebrates Founders’ Day. The organization was founded by Anna Boyd Ellington, Eva Webb Dodd and Mary Comfort Leonard, students at the Lewis School for Girls. Due to inclement weather and difficult travel conditions, they were unable to return to their homes for the Christmas holiday in 1873. In forging a bond together, they left a legacy for the 230,000 women who have worn the anchor.

Among those women are a pair of sisters, both initiates of the Kappa Chapter at the University of Nebraska. Edith and Grace Abbott were born two years apart, with Edith being the eldest.

A downturn in family fortunes prohibited Edith from entering college, so at 16 she worked as a teacher. She later enrolled at Nebraska. The sisters went on to earn post-graduate degrees, they worked at Jane Addam’s Hull House in Chicago, and they were both influential social workers on the ground floor of the profession.

Edith earned a Ph.D. and  her dissertation was published in the Journal of Political Economy. With the assistance of two fellowships, she did postdoctoral work at the London School of Economics. She became the first woman to serve as dean of an American graduate school, the University of Chicago’s School of Social Service Administration; it was  also the country’s first school of social work.

For more than a decade Grace was the highest ranking woman in the United States government. From 1921-34, she served as head of the United States Children’s Bureau.

 

1924 Anchora

 

1924  Anchora

Edith (left) and Grace (right)

Grace died in 1939 at age 60 from multiple myeloma. In her memory, for a number of years, Delta Gamma awarded a Grace Abbott fellowship in Public Welfare. Edith was a member of the committee which chose the recipient.

January 1948 Anchora

After Edith retired from her position as dean at the University of Chicago, she taught and edited Social Service Review, an academic journal. She retired to her family home in Grand Island, Nebraska, and there, in 1957,  she died.

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Althea Gibson, Alpha Kappa Alpha, #WHM2018, #notablesororitywomen

In 1927, Althea Gibson, was born in rural South Carolina. Three years later, her parents moved to Harlem, New York, where the opportunities must have seemed better than being sharecroppers on a cotton farm. Gibson learned to play paddle tennis at a Police Athletic League play area, and she became the city’s paddle ball champion at the age of 12. She was a natural-born athlete and played many sports and was musically talented, too, winning a prize for singing in an Apollo Theater contest. However, she was not the best student and often was truant. At one point, she dropped out and went to night school.

Althea Gibson was the first African American to appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated

Althea Gibson was the first African American to appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated.

Many mentors and other supporters who recognized her athletic talent spurred her on. She moved to North Carolina to train and give high school another try. In 1949, in her 20s, she entered Florida A&M College (now University) on a basketball scholarship because there were no tennis scholarships. She played basketball, tennis, and golf on the men’s team. She became a member of the Beta Alpha chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha, Sorority, Inc.

She went on to win numerous titles, including Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals. She was the first African-American to win both of those championships. Unfortunately, tennis at that time did not come with a means of making a living. There were no big prizes and it was difficult to make ends meet. 

Aug 23, 2013. The Althea Gibson commemorative stamp went on sale today. The stamp is part of the United States Postal Service's Black Heritage Series. It recognizes Gibson, the first African American to win a Grand Slam.

 

Gibson died in 2003. Ten years later. as part of the United States Postal Service’s Black Heritage Series, the Althea Gibson commemorative stamp debuted. 

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General Claudia Kennedy, Kappa Delta, #WHW2018, #notablesororitywomen

On May 21, 1997, Claudia Kennedy, a Kappa Delta, became the first woman to hold the rank of three-star general in the United States Army. Kennedy attended Southwestern at Memphis, now known as Rhodes College, where she majored in philosophy. After graduating in 1969, she was commissioned as a  second lieutenant in the Women’s Army Corps. She retired as the Deputy Chief of Staff for Army Intelligence in 2000.

 

She received many awards and decorations during her 31 years of service. These include the Legion of Merit, the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Meritorious Medal, the Army Commendation Medal, the Army Staff Identification Badge and the Living Legacy Patriot Award.

Kennedy has served as a Rhodes College Trustee since 2000.  She wrote Generally Speaking: A Memoir by the First Woman Promoted to Three-Star General in the United States Army which was published in 2008.

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Florence Patterson, Gamma Phi Beta, #WHM2018, #notablesororitywomen

Florence Marguerite Patterson graduated from Burlington High School in Burlington, Wisconsin, in 1893. She enrolled at Northwestern University where she became a member of Gamma Phi Beta.

The Gamma Phi Beta Chapter at Northwestern University. Florence Patterson is in the picture.

A 1904 Crescent of Gamma Phi Beta reported,  “Mary Bunting Gamma and Florence Patterson Epsilon are both taking courses at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Zeta (Goucher College) was glad to have them at fraternity meeting not long ago.” In 1907, she graduated from the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing.

October 1911, The Crescent of Gamma Phi Beta

Florence M. Patterson

1914, The Crescent of Gamma Phi Beta

Between graduation from Hopkins and America’s entry into World War I, Patterson had several jobs in medical social service work and public health nursing including as assistant superintendent of nurses at the Allegheny General Hospital, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

She joined the staff of the American Red Cross in June of 1917. The following month she became the chief nurse of the first American Red Cross Commission for Roumania (now Romania). An article in the March 15, 1918 issue of the Oshkosh Northwestern stated that she was “believed to be in Odessa, reported captured by the Germans. She is with a Red Cross unit.”

In June 1918, the unit was recalled from the Balkans and she was assigned to the Paris headquarters of the American Red Cross. She returned to Roumania with the second Red Cross Commission. She was its chief nurse and assistant director of civilian relief. Patterson was awarded Roumania’s Regina Maria Cross and France’s Medal of Honor for Epidemics for her efforts as well as the Florence Nightingale medal from the Japanese Red Cross.

An article in a 1921 Crescent of Gamma Phi Beta told this story:

While Florence M. Patterson, Epsilon, was assistant director of nursing for the American Red Cross at Washington, a cabled request for aid came from Queen Marie of Roumania. In response to this request, a special commission whose task it was to make a medical and social survey and to recommend reconstruction was sent with Miss Patterson as head of the nursing unit which on arrival at once took over a hospital of five hundred beds and gave both civil and military relief. When the German peace with Roumania was signed the Red Cross workers returned to London by way of an Arctic port and Miss Patterson left England for service in France where she was assistant to Miss Julia Stimson chief American Red Cross nurse in that country. While in Roumania, Miss Patterson was decorated by the Queen with the Regina Marie medal and from many quarters came enthusiastic words of praise for her wonderful work.

In 1934, she was awarded an honorary master of arts degree from Northwestern University. It was given for these reasons:

One of the most prominent women graduates of the College of Liberal Arts at Northwestern, a quiet and serious worker for the welfare of society; an officer of the Red Cross who has brought both efficiency and imagination even to administrative duties; a humanitarian who has built her sense of the spirit and of justice into improved living conditions for the American Indian, the soldier in Europe, and the citizen in America; a woman, in brief, of vision, judgment, tact, and competence, a wise and inspiring leader who has made the world a better place for her living in it.

Patterson died in 1962 and is buried in Wisconsin. In 2016, she was honored at the Wall of Inspiration ceremony at Burlington High School, 123 years after she graduated.

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Violette Neatley Anderson, Zeta Phi Beta, #WHM2018, #notablesororitywomen

Violette Neatley Anderson, a  member of Zeta Phi Beta was the first female African-American attorney admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court. The year was 1926. Her journey to that Court was circuitous. She was born in England, but moved to Chicago with her parents when she was young In 1899, she graduated from high school. In 1903, she married, but it ended quickly in divorce, and in 1906, she married Dr. Daniel H. Anderson, a general practitioner. 

Violette Neatley Anderson worked as a court reporter for 15 years before she enrolled in the Chicago Law School*. When she graduated in 1920, she passed the bar and went into private practice. She became an assistant prosecutor in Chicago, making her both the first woman and the first African-American to hold that job. She was one of the forces behind the Bankhead-Jones Actm which was signed into law in 1937.

Violette Anderson

While she was Grand Basileus of Zeta Phi Beta, she asked Lambda Zeta, a graduate chapter in Houston, Texas, to host the 1937 Grand Boule’ (national convention). It was the first time any African-American Greek-Letter Organization held a convention below the Mason-Dixon line.

The meetings took place in Houston’s black business area. The Y.W.C.A. cafeteria provided the meals because downtown Houston had no restaurants available to blacks. The delegates were housed with members and friends in their black neighborhoods.

Violette Anderson

Violette Anderson

And although she had made the connections to make the event happen, Anderson died before it took place. She had given the last four years of her life to Zeta Phi Beta as its 8th Grand Basileus.

After her death on December 24, 1937  at the age of 55, her summer home in Idlewild, Michigan was bequeathed to Zeta Phi Beta. Each April, the sorority remembers her with “Violette Anderson Day.”

*This post originally stated that the Chicago Law School was now part of the University of Chicago Law School. I was in error.  The Chicago Law School existed in the early 1900s. The Chicago Law School and the University of Chicago Law Schools were separate entities. When it ceased operations, the Chicago Law School did not merge into the University of Chicago Law School. My apologies for this error.

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